JLPT N4 vocabulary
居る: meaning, reading and conjugation
Reading and pitch accent
おる1Atamadaka · high start
Godan verb (u-verb)
Meaning
- (humble) to be (animate), to be, to exist
- to be ...-ing (after the -te form of a verb; indicates continuing action or state)
- to (have the audacity to) do (after -masu base of verb; indicates contempt or disdain for another's actions)
Conjugation
| Form | Affirmative | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Basics | ||
| Plain present辞書形 · ない形 | 居る | 居 |
| Plain pastた形 · なかった形 | 居 | 居 |
| Polite presentます形 | 居 | 居 |
| Polite pastました形 | 居 | 居 |
| Te-formて形 | 居 | 居 |
| Conditions and moods | ||
| If (-ba)ば形 | 居 | 居 |
| If / when (-tara)たら形 | 居 | 居 |
| Let’s / will意向形 | 居 | —not in common use |
| Want toたい形 | 居 | 居 |
| Command / don’t命令形 · 禁止形 | 居 | 居る |
| Can · passive · causative | ||
| Can (potential)可能形 | 居 | 居 |
| Passive受身形 | 居 | 居 |
| Make / let使役形 | 居 | 居 |
| Be made to使役受身形 | 居 | 居 |