JLPT N1 grammar
〜なくして: meaning and usage
Meaning
Without A, B (can't be done, wouldn't be, etc.)
How to form it
- nounなくして(は)
- verb (dictionary form)ことなくして(は)
How it is used
Formal: 'without A, B cannot happen', stressing that A is essential; the second half is negative or similar (「難しい」). Means the same as 「〜なしには」; verbs take 「〜ことなくして」.
Examples
彼の力なくしては、我々は一勝も上げることはできなかったろう。
Without his strength, we probably would not have even won a single game.
正確なデータなくして、正しい判断はできない。
Without accurate data, you can't make a sound judgement.
何度も書き直すことなくして、いい文章は書けない。
You can't write well without rewriting again and again.