JLPT N2 grammar

〜にもかかわらずmeaning and usage

Meaning

Although A; despite A; even though A; in spite of A

How to form it

  • verb (plain form)/い-adjectiveにもかかわらず
  • noun/な-adjective (stem)（である）にもかかわらず
  • sentence。にもかかわらず、sentence

How it is used

'Despite', 'even though': the second half is a fact that runs against expectation, often with surprise, admiration or disapproval. It is more formal than 「〜のに」 and can also open a sentence as a conjunction.

Examples

  1. 姉はその美しさにもかかわらず気取ったところのない人だ。

    Even though my older sister is beautiful, she doesn't put on any airs.

  2. 雨にもかかわらず、たくさんの人が祭りに来た。

    Despite the rain, lots of people came to the festival.

  3. 何度も説明したにもかかわらず、まだ分かってもらえない。

    Even though I've explained it again and again, they still don't understand.